Figure 1
A diagram representing a primary research model that illustrates a dual-pathway framework for the influence of sanctions in cybersecurity. The model includes two main pathways: Compliance Intention and Violation Intention. Four key deterrent dimensions are shown: Detection Certainty, Sanction Certainty, Sanction Severity, and Sanction Celerity. Arrows indicate the directional influence of these dimensions on both compliance and violation intentions. Specific hypotheses (H1a, H1b, H2a, H2b, H3a, H3b, H4a, H4b, H1c, H1d, H2c, H2d, H3c, H3d) are labeled along these arrows, showing the proposed relationships and interactions between the dimensions and the intentions.Primary research model