Fig. 4.
Two views, labelled a and b, present a cylindrical specimen mounted vertically within a transparent testing chamber. In view a, the specimen is enclosed by a flexible membrane and extends between upper and lower loading components. A loading rod and cylindrical component contact the top of the specimen. Two continuous horizontal reference lines and two rows of regularly spaced dots encircle the upper and lower portions of the membrane. A broad metal band surrounds the middle of the specimen and is secured with fasteners and clips. Brackets, fittings and projecting arms are attached around this band. Additional fittings and connections are positioned beside the lower portion of the specimen. The specimen assembly stands on a circular metal base within the transparent chamber, with a vertical metal support column beside it. In view b, the specimen is viewed from another side. The upper loading rod and cylindrical component remain positioned above the specimen. Horizontal reference lines and rows of dots again encircles the membrane. The central metal band, fasteners, clips, brackets, and projecting arms are visible from this orientation, together with connections entering from the sides. The lower specimen section extends into the base assembly, with additional fittings and tubing around it. The transparent cylindrical chamber encloses the complete specimen assembly and rests on the circular metal base, with a vertical support column beside the chamber.Photographs of dense specimens at the end of the drained triaxial compression test at an effective confining pressure of 50 kPa (continuous line indicates the base and top positions of the specimen; dashed line indicates the positions of Hall effect sensors): (a) CoT_D95S_50 kPa and (b) CoP_D95S_50 kPa. Photographs were taken with membrane to preserve water content determination at the end of the test