Figure 10
The diagram presents a network of interconnected concepts related to Industry 4.0, circular economy, and sustainable development. At the center, Industry 4.0 connects to various nodes such as digital transformation, sustainability, and sustainable development. Surrounding these central nodes are additional concepts like digital technologies, manufacturing, business models, and corporate social responsibility. The diagram uses colored lines to indicate the strength and type of relationships between these concepts. For instance, digital transformation links to digital technologies and manufacturing, while sustainability connects to circular economy and sustainable development. The overall structure highlights how Industry 4.0 technologies integrate with circular economy techniques to enhance sustainable value creation and financial performance across different industry sectors.Industry 4.0 relationship with CE & SD. Sources: VOSviewer, authors’ collaboration