Figure 1
The flow diagram presents a workflow for actuator design and optimisation. Design and fabrication of actuators uses parameters N, T and P, followed by experimental tests comprising 27 combinations, 3 copies of each actuator, 3 test repetitions and 243 measurements. Material model selection evaluates 3 models from the literature across 9 combinations using F E M, leading to starting parameter values for an Ogden second order hyperelastic model. Model parameter optimisation uses 9 combinations based on bending data, the Ogden second order model and 4 optimisation parameters, producing optimised parameter values. Data validation compares simulated and experimental data for 27 combinations. Advanced optimisation uses F E M for 3 combinations of the same actuator at different operating pressures and optimises the entire shape according to bending data, producing further optimised Ogden second order hyperelastic model parameters.Study workflow