Figure 9
The bar chart presents B E distance in millimetres for Ogden 0 0 2, Reppel and Weinberg, and optimised parameters across actuator conditions combining 9, 11 and 13 newtons, thicknesses of 1.6, 2 and 2.4 millimetres, and pressures of 1, 2 and 3 bar. The vertical axis ranges from 0 to 14 millimetres. Paired bars compare the two parameter sets for each condition. Dotted horizontal marker series indicate the average B E for Ogden 0 0 2 and for the optimised parameters, both lying near 4 millimetres. Individual B E values vary from about 1 to 13 millimetres, with several conditions producing substantially larger errors than the averages.Variation in tip displacement between models calculated using Ogden 002 and optimized parameters for the nine primary combinations and experimental results