Figure 5
A diagram representing relationships between different types of bonds and customer engagement.A flowchart illustrating the relationships between various bonds and customer engagement. The diagram includes labeled components such as customisation bond (CB), relational bonds (RB), social bond (SB), structural bond (STB), customer psychological ownership (CPO), activation engagement (AE), affective engagement (AFE), cognitive engagement (COE), and customer engagement (CE). The flowchart shows that CB, FB, SB, and STB are connected to RB, which in turn influences CE and CPO. CE is further connected to AFE, AFC, and COE. Arrows indicate the directional flow and relationships between these components. The values 0.000, 0.109, and 0.091 are associated with RB, CE, and CPO, respectively, indicating the strength of these relationships.

Q2-based cross-validated redundancy. Note(s): CB: customisation bond; RB: relational bonds; SB: social bond; STB: structural bond; CPO: customer psychological ownership; AE: activation engagement; AFE: affective engagement; COE: cognitive engagement; CE: customer engagement. Source(s): SmartPLS output

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