Figure 1.
A conceptual model links environmental, organisational and technological factors with innovation adoption through direct and reciprocal relationships.The conceptual model contains Environmental Factors at the upper left, Organisational Factors at the upper right, Innovation Adoption at the centre, and Technological Factors at the bottom. Environmental Factors and Organisational Factors are connected by a horizontal two-way relationship. Environmental Factors points to Innovation Adoption and Technological Factors. Organisational Factors points to Innovation Adoption and Technological Factors. Technological Factors points upward to Innovation Adoption.

Technology-Organisation-Environment (TOE) framework

Source: Adapted from Tornatzky et al. (1990) 

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