Figure 1.
The process has three sequential phases. Phase 1, Conceptual definition of the W F concept, defines the boundaries, main ideas and related ideas according to the literature. It constructs a concept map of the knowledge required to understand the W F concept. It defines 10 Propositional Knowledge Statements, P K S, and examines their content validity through three academic reviewers. Phase 2, Assessment of students’ conceptions, is a pilot study. It includes a literature review, followed by online administration of the first open-ended questionnaire to 64 students to assess their understanding of W F content. Students’ responses are then analysed. A second open-ended questionnaire is administered online to 94 students to evaluate their reasoning, followed by content analysis of those reasoning responses. Phase 3, Development of the W F D I and final implementation, develops the diagnostic tool using the most frequent and conceptually different alternative perceptions as possible multiple-choice answers. Three academic reviewers assess clarity of meaning and language. Pilot quantitative data are then collected from 56 participants. Final quantitative data are collected from 238 participants.Phases of the development of the WFDI
Source: Authors’ own work