Figure 3
The box-and-whisker plot compares the distribution of the unified damage index (UDI) for healthy (target = 0) and anomalous (target = 1) machining conditions. The plot consists of two vertical box plots. The x-axis represents the cutting condition, labeled as 0 for normal and 1 for anomalous. The y-axis represents the unified damage index (UDI), ranging from 0 to 0.5. The box plot for the healthy condition (target = 0) has a median UDI value of approximately 0.25. The lower quartile (Q1) is around 0.2, and the upper quartile (Q3) is around 0.3. The whiskers extend from approximately 0.1 to 0.4, with a small outlier near 0. The box plot for the anomalous condition (target = 1) has a median UDI value of approximately 0.36. The lower quartile (Q1) is around 0.3, and the upper quartile (Q3) is around 0.45. The whiskers extend from approximately 0.1 to 0.5. The anomalous condition shows higher median UDI values and greater variability, indicating progressive machining degradation.Distribution of the physics-guided unified damage index (UDI) for healthy (target = 0) and anomalous (target = 1) machining conditions. Higher median UDI values and greater variability observed in the anomaly class indicate progressive machining degradation, demonstrating that the proposed UDI provides a physically meaningful and continuous indicator of machining health