FigureĀ 1
A flowchart illustrating the process of identifying, screening, and including articles for a study on digital transformation in rail freight.The flowchart starts with the identification phase, where records are extracted from Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar using specific search strings. Initially, 121 records from Scopus, 17 from Web of Science, and 15 from Google Scholar are identified. After removing duplicates and erroneous records, 116 articles are screened for relevance based on title and abstract, resulting in 79 articles. These articles are then fully assessed for relevance, excluding 42 more. Finally, 37 articles are assessed for eligibility, with 4 excluded for not matching the study theme, leaving 33 articles included in the qualitative synthesis.

PRISMA framework. Source: Authors’ own work

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