FigureĀ 3
A co-authorship network diagram showing fragmented collaboration among authors.The diagram represents a co-authorship network generated with VOSviewer. Nodes represent authors, and links represent co-authored publications. The prevalence of isolated nodes and small components indicates fragmented collaboration. The majority of authors appear as isolated nodes or form very small clusters, with only a few weakly connected groups observed. There is no large cohesive network of researchers working systematically together, consistent with an emerging field where contributions remain dispersed across institutions and disciplines, and most articles are authored by small independent teams.

Co-authorship network generated with VOSviewer. Nodes represent authors and links represent co-authored publications. The prevalence of isolated nodes and small components indicates fragmented collaboration

or Create an Account

Close subscription notice
Close access options