Figure 1.
The flowchart follows a continuous process through 5 stages. Stage 1, problem statement, begins with literature review, scientometric review, systematic review, document analysis, and preliminary synthesis of issues. These activities lead to perception, aim, and objectives. Next, stage 2, domain study, identifies key issues and barriers and evaluates the barriers. This stage uses a triangulation methodology comprising literature review, interviews, content analysis of stakeholders views, and case studies research. The flow then continues to stage 3, modelling, where variables resulting from the domain studies are evaluated, the model is developed, and the model is validated. These activities lead to a descriptive model using a causal loop diagram and then to a systems dynamic model. Next, stage 4, case studies, conducts experimental investigation using N Z case studies. The process then continues to stage 5, simulation and analysis, where simulation is conducted in different scenarios, followed by testing and verification and then policy suggestion. Iterations from simulation and analysis feed back into the modelling process.Methodology framework