Figure 2.
The flow diagram progresses through 5 stages, design, raw material, manufacturing, transportation, and assembly. Design is affected by design error, contract, lack of experienced design, lack of designers coordination, lack of client comprehension, and lack of design codes and standards. Next, raw material is affected by cost uncertainty, quality of raw material, material supply, raw material availability, and importing raw material issues. The flow then continues to manufacturing, affected by market issues, element quality control, machine parts importing issues, skilled labour availability, equipment failure, equipment services, and defects. Next, transportation is affected by crane failure, incompetence of transport suppliers, lack of suitable vehicle, delay due to logistic issues, road regulation, and element damage. Finally, assembly is affected by weather condition, site space limitation, delay of construction, labour shortages, floor area conditions, price variation of proper crane, and assembly limitation.Mapping the challenges of the SC of OSC from triangulation methodology