Comparison between the laboratory drained triaxial tests under HSR in Yamamuro et al. (2011) and the simulations using the NAMC for different cell pressures and void ratios: (a-1) deviatoric stress plotted against axial strain, (a-2) volumetric strain plotted against axial strain for σ₃′ = 98 kPa, e₀ = 0·93; (b-1) deviatoric stress plotted against axial strain, (b-2) volumetric strain plotted against axial strain for σ₃′ = 98 kPa, e₀ = 1·03; (c-1) deviatoric stress plotted against axial strain, (c-2) volumetric strain plotted against axial strain for σ₃′ = 350 kPa, e₀ = 0·93; (d-1) deviatoric stress plotted against axial strain, (d-2) volumetric strain plotted against axial strain for σ₃′ = 350 kPa, e₀ = 1·03. All simulations are conducted using the dashpot approach