Input acceleration data for a similar ramped sinusoidal waveform pattern. (a) Servo-hydraulic shaker installed at the Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University (data from Sahare et al., 2022). (b) Servo-hydraulic shaker installed at the Japanese Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, JNIOSH (data from Barrios et al., 2021). (c) Servo-hydraulic shaker installed at the Nippon Koei Co. Ltd. (data from Ibuki et al., 2022). (d) Mechanical cylindrical cam shaker installed at the TCU