Figure 14.
The image displays a graph with two sections portraying the relationship between the expansion of a system and the concentration of sodium hydroxide, denoted as N_AOH on the vertical axis. The first section shows a peak in expansion against varying aggregate percentages. A dashed red line indicates the pessimum proportion, while solid and dashed lines represent expected behaviors. The second section illustrates how reducing alkalinity factors in, with annotations discussing the effectiveness of materials. Arrows highlight shifts in the graph indicating the relative effectiveness ranging from less effective to more effective. There are additional annotations explaining different aspects of the curves and behaviors within this context, with boxes highlighting key phrases for clarity.Schematic diagram showing the variation of the pessimum proportion with decreasing alkali content (Kawabata and Yamada, 2017). NAOH and Aag: net amount of alkali metal hydroxide per unit volume of reactive aggregate and reactive aggregate proportion, respectively