Figure 1
The flowchart begins with a box labeled “Integrated B I M - A I” on the left. An arrow labeled “Domain” arises from this box and points to a large central rectangular box. Inside this central box, there are eight smaller boxes arranged in two columns and four rows. The labels inside these smaller boxes are as follows: “Integrated B I M - A I for smart construction management,” “Integrated B I M - A I for facility management,” “Integrated B I M - A I for defects and damage detection,” “Integrated B I M - A I for project management,” “Integrated B I M - A I for waste management,” “Integrated B I M - A I for data management,” “Integrated B I M - A I for sustainable design and modelling,” and “Integrated B I M - A I for construction technology.” Above this central rectangular box, another box is placed, and inside it, there are two smaller boxes labeled “Operational challenges” and “Evaluation standards.” From both the central rectangular box and the box above it, a double‑headed arrow arises and points to a box on the right side. This box contains the following pointers: “Interoperability of data from B I M and A I platforms,” “Employees’ growth and development,” “Governance for integrated B I M - A I,” “Infrastructure for integrated B I M - A I,” “Finances for integrated B I M - A I,” “Internal process for integrated B I M - A I,” and “Client relation through B I M - A I platforms.”Research framework. Figure by authors