Figure 1.
The framework compares two procurement organisations, labelled M u n O r g and R e s O r g, each represented through sequential stages along a horizontal timeline. In M u n O r g, the process starts with a smaller decentralised structure and supplier-friendly contracts with minimal penalties. Over time, continuous feedback and increasing contingencies reveal procurement weaknesses, leading to legal disputes and engagement of law firms for contract template updates. The process concludes with the implementation of stronger contracts enforcing payment rights and penalties. In R e s O r g, the organisation begins as a small centralised structure that integrates legal expertise and procurement strategies. Feedback loops improve coordination, and new contracts emerge that are more balanced, containing fewer restrictive clauses and liquidated damages.Timelines and significant events in cases
Source: Author’s own work