Figure 7
The tables are arranged in a vertical series. The top table has two columns and six rows. The column headers in the first row, from left to right, are as follows: Column 1: “Level”; Column 2: “Actions or considerations.” The row-wise data presented in the table is as follows: Row 2: Level: Sub-column 1: Macro level, Sub-column 2: National regulatory model and governance; Actions or considerations: Professional regulatory bodies; Principles of good ethical practice; Professional guidelines by European and national associations; Regulation and accreditation of healthcare professionals; Regulation and licensing of healthcare organisations. Row 3: Level: Sub-column 1: Meso level, Sub-column 2: Organisation (3rd victim); Actions or considerations: Organisational reputation; Systems approach to minimising risk; Implementation of occupational health and safety policy; Setting and maintenance of standards; Clinical guidelines and other interventions for patient safety, clinical risk management, and quality management; Infrastructure and resources for patient safety and quality management or improvement; Programs for employee support and first aid responses; H R policies; Availability of resources; Organisational-level insurance and indemnity; Patient safety culture to support patient safety; Organisational strategies, SV support programs, rapid response teams, first aid response, and teams of peers; Professional external support; Employee support training and training manual. Row 4: Level: Sub-column 1: Meso level, Sub-column 2: Professional groups, teams, and systems; Actions or considerations: Professional practice and ethics; Occupational health and safety; Incident reporting culture; The medico-legal situation, tort, and liability; Training as part of graduate or post-graduate HCP education; Ongoing skills development; Continuous Professional Development (C P D). Row 5: Level: Sub-column 1: Micro level, Sub-column 2: Individual healthcare professional (2nd victim); Actions or considerations: H C W safety and well-being, psychological safety; Occupational health and safety; H C W insurance and professional indemnity; Incident reporting culture; H C P personal strategies for S V, peer support, learning from adverse events, online support tools; Ongoing skills development; Continuous Professional Development (C P D). Row 6: Level: Sub-column 1: Micro level, Sub-column 2: Patient and family (1st victim); Actions or considerations: Patient safety; Patient and family support in case of adverse event; Disclosure to patients. The second table has two columns and four rows. The table is titled “External factors.” The row-wise data presented in the table is as follows: Row 1: Column 1: National medico-legal framework; Column 2: National legislation and law practice; Medico-legal, liability, and tort culture. Row 2: Column 1: Social environment; Column 2: Social context; Victim-offender mediation. Row 3: Column 1: Education and training; Column 2: Education at the graduate and post-graduate level; Healthcare professional and healthcare system safety. Row 4: Column 1: European legislation; Column 2: Introduction of legislation for occupational health and safety at the European level; European level to support the free movement of persons (H C Ps); National occupational health and safety legislation or standards (general and specific to healthcare establishments). A vertical text label on the right margin of the figure reads: “Safety generating culture; just culture; patient safety culture.”Considerations for preventive and corrective actions for integrated safety within the healthcare system