...-it-yourself music festivals have often been presented as “safe spaces”, including in academic research. Yet, the exact goals and modalities of enactment of such safe spaces have mostly been overlooked. In this article, the author proposes to bridge this gap. Design/methodology/approach In this article...

..., events such as the Beatles show at the Shea Stadium and the countercultural festivals of the 1960s directly equated the size of the live crowd with a sense of collective empowerment and freedom. Waksman looked at how the hard rock band Grand Funk Railroad pioneered the practice of arena rock touring...