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EVERYBODY travelling in air or water by its own power applies the reaction or “repulse” principle, that is to say, it either takes up parts of masses contained within itself or, by means of suitable organs, gathers up parts of the surrounding fluid medium and accelerates these masses at a speed greater than its own travelling speed, and this generally in the direction opposite to that in which it desires to travel; whilst in certain cases, in addition to the force produced by the repulse, a further force is obtained through the forward suction of the fluid medium. Devices intended to utilize only the negative pressure produced by suction, e.g. through lateral ejection by means of radial surfaces running at very high (five‐figure) r.p.m. have not, in spite of repeated endeavours, proved successful.

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