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THE development of instruments, communications and navigational aids was as essential as that of aerodynamics, reliable structures and reliable engines for aviation to be commercially viable. That was the theme of the 23rd Louis Blériot Lecture given by Mr Sebastian de Ferranti to the l'Association Francaise des Ingenieurs et Techniciens in Paris this spring. However reliable, the modern aircraft would be of little use in the commercial sense without instruments and avionics that enable it to operate regularly and substantially independent of the weather.

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