... and simulation. First, the I-shaped, T-shaped, straight stiffened plates and unstiffened plate were designed. Second, the accuracy of the bird model was verified and further used to evaluate bird strikes on composite stiffened plate. Third, the results of damage modes as well as displacements of the stiffened...

... bird strike events. Design/methodology/approach Explicit finite element analysis was used to numerically model bird strike events. Findings Structural performance charts related to materials and general design details were drawn to explore the design space dictated by the current applicable...

... and for the identification of bird species. Social implications As this type of work has been proven to reduce the risk of bird strikes, the sense of flight safety on society will increase. Originality/value Researchers and companies generally work on flapping wing models for related subjects. However...