... configuration under aeroelastic constraints, especially when computational resources are limited. Originality/value This work introduces a novel, low-cost, parallelizable optimization approach that captures the coupled aerostructural behavior of flexible wings. It demonstrates the practical effectiveness...

... for flexible membrane wings were performed by the smoke-wire technique, multichannel constant temperature anemometer and digital image correlation system, respectively. All experimental results were combined and fluid-structure interaction was discussed. Findings In the flexible wings with the higher...