... industry and academy have developed the concepts of more electric aircraft (MEA), hybrid electric aircraft and all-electric aircraft. In conventional commercial transport aircraft, the power needs of aircraft subsystems are met by electrical, mechanical hydraulic and pneumatic power derived from aircraft...

... surfaces are powered by a central hydraulic system. Central hydraulic systems have the advantage of being a time-tested and proven solution whose operational characteristics are well understood by years of aviation experience. However, recent trends in the more electric aircraft (MEA) concept have evolved...