... temperature, which is insufficient to discuss the heat across the entire tread. However, the heatmap method in this paper can do the job. Touchdown Pre-rotation Tyre wear Tyre heat The primary material of tyre tread is natural rubber with a critical point of approximately 200°C (Saibel and Tsai...

... temperature is eliminated and the material properties are preserved for effective braking. A rough quantitative analysis demonstrates that the wetting of tyres in the spin-up phase decreases the loads and tyre wear effectively. Practical implications Wetting the touchdown region of the runway without...