...Liang Zhang; Changzhu Wei; Yin Diao; Naigang Cui Purpose This paper aims to investigate the problem of on-line orbit planning and guidance for an advanced upper stage. Design/methodology/approach The double impulse optimal transfer orbit is planned by the Lambert algorithm and the improved...

... engines because there is only one line of fluid to control. These benefits make HMs suitable for space missions, such as use in upper-stages, space thrusters and attitude control devices. Compared to solid propellant motors, HMs have higher dry mass because of the feeding system and oxidizer storage...