... investments using a mean‐variance model. Results indicate nonfarm investors could enhance their portfolios by investing in farm assets. However, the results suggest that the allocation of assets prior to the structural break in the early 1950s is much greater than the time period following the break...

...Brian Buhr Markowitz’s mean‐variance approach is used to identify the returns to vertical investment in the pork industry. In addition to previous efforts, this paper considers not only returns to stock ownership, but uses operating return on investment in pork slaughter and hog production...