... on their portfolios. Originality/value The study uses dummy variables in the ARDL model to represent structural breaks that emerged from the COVID-19 pandemic (as determined by the Bai–Perron multiple breakpoint test). The study also used the Perron unit root test to find out the stationary of the series...

.... Further, the F-bounds test was run to justify the long-run relationship between monetary policy and economic growth. Thereafter, long-run coefficients were revealed from the auto-regressive distributed lag (ARDL) model and short-run coefficients from the error correction model. Furthermore...

.... The outcomes during this epoch were low export, loss-making state enterprises, massive subsidies financed by dictated bank loans, government budget deficits funded by printing money, high inflation and shortage of goods (Biermann and Wagao, 1986 ; Nord et al., 2009). ARDL model Economic growth...