... of this time period was determined by the availability of data related to the research. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach was used for data analysis. Findings The findings show that economic growth is cointegrated with capacity to generate electricity, proving the existence...

... Ordinary Least Squares approach and tests for cointegration using Hansen (1992)'s Parameter Instability test. Findings We find that private capital formation increases in domestic debt and decreases in external debt during the pre-crisis period. However, during the period post the Global Financial...

... so that the intercept and short-run slope coefficients and the error variance are assumed to differ across units while the long-run coefficients are constrained to be similar across groups. Prior to the estimation using the PMG model, cointegration should be detected between the variables of interest...

.... Design/methodology/approach To establish the presence of a long-run relationship, the error correction model and bounds cointegration techniques are employed. Likewise, the model is augmented to test whether the associated relationship between industrial output and agricultural output depends on access...

.../approach – The paper uses the Augmented Dickey Fuller and Phillips Perron unit root test to explore the stationarity property of the variables and the Engle-Granger residual-based test of cointegration to model an appropriate restricted error correction model. Findings – The outcome of the analysis...

... cointegration procedures to enable us to establish both short-run and long-run relationship between bank competition, financial innovations and economic growth. Granger causality test were also estimated to determine the direction of causality. Findings – The results showed that, in the long run, bank...

... tests the cointegration between saving and investment using bounds testing approach to cointegration and derive the long-run elasticities using autoregressive-distributed lag (ARDL) and Phillips-Hansen fully modified OLS for African countries over the period 1960-2008. This paper conducted the test...