... innovation R&D Synergy effect J21 M51 O15 O33 O55 Innovation relies on many factors, including the state of knowledge, individual creativity, public policy, economic institutions, and social norms (Sohn and Jung, 2010 ; von Graevenitz et al., 2016). Previous studies...

... Nigeria C32 J21 NonInterest banking and finance (Islamic banking) is a recent development in Nigeria's financial systems that supplements conventional banking in the country. This is a great stride that will not only boost the performance of the economy but also increase its presence...

... Limited 2022 Emerald Publishing Limited Licensed re-use rights only Discouraged worker effect hypothesis Unemployment invariance hypothesis Labour force participation rate Unemployment rate J01 J20 J21 The IPS test is an extension of the LLC test by allowing heterogeneity...

..., exclusively devoted to Africa, De Vries et al. (2015) show that the sectors to which labour has been reallocated in sub-Saharan Africa are generally sectors showing a decline in productivity. Structural transformation Aggregate productivity Shift-share C10 O11 O55 J21 Labour...