... their effectiveness in search engines and text-processing applications. Design/methodology/approach This research study proposes two distinct stemming techniques for Gujarati: (1) an IndoWordNet-based method and (2) a novel large language model (LLM)-based approach comprising three variants: word-level (LLM-WL...

... a subject indexing method based on large language model fine-tuning and controlled vocabulary retrieval (LLMFT-CVR). First, the large language model (LLM) is fine-tuned on training data to generate initial terms for a given document. Next, a text embedding model retrieves a set of candidate terms from...

... based on large language models can effectively extend the original samples and retain the semantic relationship of the original samples. On this basis, the structural function recognition experiment using BERT-BiLSTM model can identify the structural function of the Chinese agricultural bibliographic...

... variables such as impact, timing, target, and responses, providing a deeper understanding of fake financial news. Moreover, this review highlights that despite advances in large language models (LLMs)- based detection, human-centered factors remain largely overlooked. By extracting empirical and analytical...