... approach, including behavioural disorders. Originality/value This review of literature on mental disorders in people with BIF demonstrates the epidemiological relevance of psychiatric comorbidity, especially personality and post-traumatic disorders. Mental health professionals, general practitioners...

... behaviour Adults Intellectual disability Causes Review Learning disabilities The second model proposed by Carr and Smith (1995) links challenging behaviour to its antecedents suggesting that challenging behaviour occurs as a reflexive response (i.e. automatic response). Specifically...

... hospital treatment for the person or others. These findings are consistent with those of Smith et al. (1996) , who reported that the proportion of people with severe challenging behaviour decreased as age increased. Challenging behaviour Adults Intellectual disability Review Individual...

...Peter Carpenter Purpose The paper aims to provide an overview of the current situation with diagnosis and assessment in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Design/methodology/approach The paper is a review of literature combined with personal observation of practice. Findings Diagnosis cannot...