... neural networks (ANN), thereby enhancing the robustness of our framework. Given the SEM–ANN approach’s requirement for a larger sample size, we gathered data from 489 respondents in areas of Pakistan. Following data screening, 22 cases were discarded, leaving 467 for analysis. Initial examination...

...–artificial neural network (SEM-ANN) approach. Findings The PLS-SEM results supported smartwatch features’ effect on performance and effort expectancy. The results also supported the role of performance expectancy, social influence, price value, habit and perceived security in smartwatch usage. The use...