This research aims to systematically analyze participatory co-design models, methods and tools to identify effective approaches for involving older adults in urban space design, with a focus on understanding barriers and facilitators that influence their participation. The primary objective is to develop a comprehensive Framework for Participatory Co-Design of Urban Spaces with Older Adults that integrates project management methodologies and empathy-driven approaches to ensure older adults’ active and meaningful contributions. The expected results include a structured framework that urban designers can use to create age-friendly urban spaces that enhance well-being, livability and safety for older adults, alongside actionable insights into overcoming participation barriers.
This study adopts a mixed-methods approach, combining a systematic literature review, conducted using the PRISMA guidelines, with case-based evidence analysis. A comprehensive literature search across Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Dimensions, MDPI and Google Scholar databases was performed to evaluate participatory co-design approaches, methods and tools that facilitate older adults’ active involvement in urban design. The data are synthesized to establish a Framework for Participatory Co-Design of Urban Spaces with Older Adults, emphasizing project management principles and inclusive design strategies.
The findings provide a detailed understanding of participatory co-design processes, methods, and tools tailored for older adults, identifying key barriers (e.g. digital divide, physical limitations) and facilitators (e.g. accessible tools, empathy-driven engagement). The proposed Framework integrates Agile and PMBOK methodologies to structure co-design processes, ensuring older adults’ needs for trust, transparency, and adaptability are met, with expected outcomes including improved urban space accessibility and social inclusion.
This research focuses on studies from developed countries and requires addressing the needs of older people in various geographical, socio-economic, political, and cultural contexts. To bridge the gap between theory and practice, the Framework for Participatory Co-Design of Urban Spaces with Older Adults needs to be empirically assessed on real-world case studies. Additionally, there is a need to examine how smart technologies, such as AI and digital twins, can enhance participatory co-design and address digital inclusion for older adults.
The findings demonstrate that older adults can actively contribute to co-design when processes are tailored to their physical, cognitive, and technological capabilities. The proposed Framework for Participatory Co-Design provides urban designers with practical tools and methods to overcome participation barriers, fostering inclusive urban environments that support active aging and aging-in-place.
This paper establishes a novel Framework for Participatory Co-Design of Urban Spaces with Older Adults uniquely combining project management methodologies with empathy-driven and inclusive design approaches. It offers a scalable model for empowering older adults as co-creators, addressing gaps in existing co-design practices and providing a foundation for future empirical validation.
