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Purpose

Considering the entrepreneurship nature and the high number of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the Latin American region, this study seeks to empirically test the relationship between organizational culture (OC), transformational leadership (TF) and organizational performance (OP) to support their long-term survival.

Design/methodology/approach

Under a post-positivism paradigm, quantitative approach and correlational scope, this research analyzed the interrelationship between OC, TF and OP across Peruvian SMEs. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used to test the hypotheses based on the responses of 276 SMEs’ top executives from the commerce, services, manufacturing, construction and agriculture industries.

Findings

OC fully mediates the relationship between TL and OP. Although TF solely does not drive OP, the mediating effect of OC is crucial for SMEs’ long-term survival, especially considering their contribution to employment, poverty reduction and GDP in developing countries. Entrepreneurial transformational leaders inspire their followers to achieve goals, strive to develop individual skills, transmit confidence and leave aside their own interests to focus on the common goal of growing their entrepreneurship competitively.

Originality/value

The three variables under analysis have been applied to large companies and SMEs. However, this research enriches previous findings, highlighting the necessity for an adequate OC derived from an entrepreneur with TL, contributing to the survival of SMEs, whose results are critical for developing countries’ economies.

Propósito

Considerando la naturaleza emprendedora y el elevado número de pequeñas y medianas empresas (PYMES) en Latinoamérica, este artículo busca probar empíricamente la relación entre cultura organizacional (OC), liderazgo transformacional (TF) y desempeño organizacional (OP), con el fin de contribuir a su sobrevivencia en el largo plazo.

Diseño/metodología/enfoque

Bajo el paradigma post-positivista, con un enfoque cuantitativo y un alcance correlacional, esta investigación analiza la interrelación entre las variables OC, el TF y el OP en PYMES peruanas. Para ello se utilizó análisis factorial confirmatorio (CFA) y modelo de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM) considerando las respuestas de 276 altos ejecutivos de PYMES provenientes de las industrias de comercio, servicios, manufactura, construcción y agricultura.

Resultados

La cultura organizacional media completamente la relación entre el liderazgo transformacional y el desempeño organizacional. Aunque el liderazgo transformacional por sí solo no influye en el desempeño organizacional, el efecto mediador del TF es clave para la supervivencia a largo plazo de las PYMES, especialmente si se tiene en cuenta su contribución al empleo, su impacto en la reducción de la pobreza y el PBI, en los países en desarrollo. Los emprendedores con liderazgo transformacional inspiran a sus seguidores para alcanzar objetivos, se esfuerzan por desarrollar las habilidades de cada individuo, transmiten confianza y dejan de lado sus intereses personales para centrarse en el objetivo común del crecimiento de su emprendimiento con competitividad.

Originalidad/valor

Las tres variables en estudio han sido aplicadas en empresas grandes y PYMES. Sin embargo, esta investigación enriquece los hallazgos previos, destacando la necesidad de contar con una adecuada cultura organizacional derivada de un emprendedor con liderazgo transformacional, contribuyendo con la supervivencia de las PYMEs, cuyos resultados son críticos para la economía de los países en desarrollo.

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