... found using a Building Schedule of Rates to arrive at LVRs for each of the physical degradation conditions for the 12 building elements studied (ranging from concrete elements through finishes and ceilings to doors and windows). These LVRs were allocated into five bands with LVR interval limits of 0.00...

...Michele Florencia Victoria; Srinath Perera Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the carbon intensive building elements or “carbon hotspots” of office buildings in order to maximise the carbon reduction potential during design stages. Design/methodology/approach Embodied carbon (EC...