Environmental uncertainty has traditionally been a primary concern for firms; attention is increasingly shifting toward government regulations and growing environmental demands from customers. This study examines the effects of corporate resources (RES) and green supply chain collaboration (GSCC) on environmental performance (EP) and explores the directional structure of GSCC.
Data were collected from 219 respondents to test the proposed hypotheses. The reliability and validity of the data were evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis and correlation analysis. Structural equation modeling was employed to test the hypotheses.
The results indicate that RES positively influences GSCC, which subsequently enhances EP. Managers should allocate sufficient resources to support GSCC implementation and provide training programs that equip employees with relevant environmental management skills. Such programs facilitate the development of knowledge-based resources necessary for GSCC while the provision of infrastructure and tools contributes to property-based resources. Strong RES supports effective GSCC and ultimately improves EP.
The findings also reveal that RES positively influences collaboration with suppliers (CSU) and customers, which subsequently strengthen internal environmental collaboration and improve EP. Furthermore, GSCC driven by external factors such as government regulations and customer demands (outside-in GSCC) has a stronger influence on EP than GSCC driven by internal processes (inside-out GSCC). Therefore, firms should prioritize external environmental drivers when developing strategies to enhance EP.
