... and differentiation) and firms' performance (sales growth and profitability). In total, two structural equation modelling (SEM) models (SEM-I, SEM-II) were created to test the hypotheses. Findings Of the 40 items identified by the literature review, four were outliers, and three could not satisfy the EFA criteria...

... to validate the ISM model using structural equation modeling (SEM). Findings In this study, 14 key barriers to lean implementation in the Indian coal mining industry have been identified, modeled and analyzed. The lack of top management commitment, financial constraints and lack of inter-departments co...