The definition of the competence of industrial waste materials (by-products) in earthworks is based on the technical and environmental properties. To define the environmental acceptability, generic criteria e.g. composition standards and limit values for leaching have been issued in several countries. Leaching is determined by laboratory tests. Test procedures, as well as composition and solubility standards, vary. Limit values for leaching are usually based on health risks and are mostly defined according to the national quality standards of domestic water or drinking water. In a few countries, the definition of environmental acceptability is based on ecological risks. Case-by-case risk assessment procedures have also been employed.

  • 1 INTRODUCTION

  • 2 PRACTICE IN SOME EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

  • 3 PRACTICES IN THE UNITED STATES

  • 4 CONCLUSIONS

  • 5 REFERENCES

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