Historical development of breakwater structures in the world is reviewed on the basis of a literature survey. Recent development of breakwater structures in Japan is also introduced. Various sequences of the evolution of breakwater structures can be observed from the primitive natural stone breakwaters to the modern structures with greater stability against waves. Recent topics of interest are the revival of the primitive breakwater (berm breakwater) in one direction and the development of sophisticated caisson breakwaters in the other direction.

  • SYNOPSIS

  • HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF BREAKWATER STRUCTURES

  • HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF BREAKWATERS IN JAPAN (ref.4)

  • RECENT DEVELOPMENT OF CAISSON BREAKWATERS (ref.6)

  • ACCESSIBLE BREAKWATER WITH AMENITY

  • CONCLUDING REMARKS

  • REFERENCES

This content is only available via PDF.
You do not currently have access to this chapter.
Don't already have an account? Register

Purchased this content as a guest? Enter your email address to restore access.