TN8. Low-cost sanitation in Mozambique

Mozambique - one of Africa's poorest countries (GNP $160/capita in 1984) - has a relatively large urban population approaching two million, most of whom live in poor conditions on the periphery of the colonial cities.

Prior to independence in 1975, little attention was paid to sanitation in these areas. Post-independence, mass campaigns were launched to promote latrine construction. These resulted in extensive coverage. According to the 1980 census, 72% of the urban population had a latrine. This compares with an average of 54% reported for all urban Africa (ref. 1).

Despite the high coverage, there are still acute needs. Improved techniques are needed to ensure stability since many early latrines collapsed or were flooded. It is also necessary to ensure that latrines are hygienic and acceptable to the community and thus used by all. Coverage must be increased.