Chapter 95: Types of geotechnical instrumentation and their usage

Instruments for the monitoring of groundwater pressure, ground deformation, load and strain in structural members and total stress are described, together with a brief explanation of how they work, schematic diagrams of selected instruments and other important issues. Applications for the instruments are included. The general role of instrumentation for various types of projects is followed by tabular listings of possible geotechnical questions that need to be answered and that may lead to the use of instrumentation, with summaries to indicate some of the types of instruments that can be considered for helping to provide answers to these geotechnical questions.