The Paper illustrates the capability and adaptability of freezing to compete with other methods of ground treatment, particularly in urban areas.

  • Introduction

  • Ground treatment—choice of method

  • Fundamentals of ground freezing

  • Design capabilities

  • Reliability

  • Cost effectiveness

  • Environmental impact

  • Concreting against frozen ground

  • Shotcreting against frozen ground

  • Conclusion

  • References

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