11 The development of concrete bridges in the British Isles prior to 1940

This chapter traces the use of concrete for bridges in the British Isles from its 19th century origins to the outbreak of the Second World War. It describes the introduction of reinforced concrete bridges by specialist firms in the early 20th century, and some of the more notable bridges designed in the interwar period when British engineers established a reputation independent of imported systems. The most important bridge types are identified, and provision for movement and considerations of appearance are discussed. The development of standard bridge loadings is traced, and the performance of some of the early bridges is outlined. The chapter also comments on the economic background, and contrasts progress in the British Isles with that overseas.

• Synopsis

• Background

• Early British development

• Overseas developments

• Early reinforced concrete bridges in Britain

• Mouchel-Hennebique Bridges 29–32

• Other systems

• Road bridges between the wars

• New bridge forms

• Waterloo Bridge 118

• Footbridges

• Railway bridges

• Precast concrete

• Appearance matters

• Movement matters

• Loading

• Load tests

• Service life

• Conclusions

• Acknowledgements

• References