BS 6031 (BSI, 2009) states that a specification for earthworks should adequately describe the design requirements, be easily understood by all parties to the contract, be practicable and capable of enforcement and measurement, and not be unnecessarily costly or time consuming in its application. The specification should be developed as a collaboration between the client, designer and contractor in order to optimise the use of excavated materials for use as engineering fill and define the properties of imported material. The specification should be formulated to address:

For the construction of embankments or engineering fill below foundations three fundamental types of earthwork compaction specifications have been developed, namely:

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