Tactics

The effectiveness of site investigation can be improved by systematically adopting a few relatively simple methods of working. These include

Appendix I contains a summary of published guidance on site investigations provided by the Federation of Piling Specialists (2012), while Appendix J gives guidance by the British Tunnelling Society and the Pipe Jacking Association.

The most effective way of dealing with design situations is, where possible, to avoid them (Conlon, 1989). Table 6.1 shows the standard design response sequence to perceived risks. Avoidance may (e.g. in the case of backfilled quarry) be straightforward, but only if the risk is recognised early enough (i.e. during pre-project planning and conceptual design). If a hazard cannot be avoided, then it must be designed for. The necessary changes may significantly increase the cost of the project.