Advances in numerical modelling for complex tunnelling projects

A primary objective of tunnel engineering is, arguably, to facilitate the design and construction of tunnels as efficiently and safely as possible. In this endeavour, it is often required to thoroughly identify risks to existing surface and sub-surface infrastructure to provide some measure of assurance against adverse consequences during construction. Inevitably, modelling is becoming an integral part of this assurance process. Besides, the purpose of engineering models – whether physical or analytical – is basically to simulate the expected response of the ground to excavation, as well as loads and deformations induced in the support elements of new and existing structures. The present paper attempts to shed light on the state-of-the-art use of numerical modelling in projects with high complexity, on the basis of case studies of recent urban underground projects in London.