Conclusions

Table 12.1 presents the range of validity of empirical design. The table identifies the maximum span length for which the rules in this book give a similar result to the application of a rational design method.

Although the methods given in this book are effective in the determination of preliminary sizes for structural elements and in determining effective building layouts in general, for any structure larger than a single-family house the design of the structure must be overseen by a qualified engineer. The procedures given in this book may be employed by an architect or a builder to determine material choices, to determine where to place columns and beams in conventionally framed buildings, and to determine the required depth for beams, trusses, and other structural elements in a conventionally framed structure. However, the final determination of the configuration, size, weight, and reinforcement of these members is left to an engineer. In the area of reinforced concrete design, we have given formulas for the determination of the depth and thickness of slabs, beams, and columns, but a complete design requires the selection and sizing of reinforcement for these elements.