Current practice in ground anchorage design in the UK and elsewhere assumes that ultimate capacity is directly proportional to fixed anchor length. This is at variance with field, experimental and theoretical evidence, which shows the distribution of bond stress to be highly non-uniform. The mechanisms involved are complex, but it is shown that their effect can be accommodated in a straightforward manner via efficiency factors introduced into routine design equations. Further refinement is offered through a simple analytical model, which is ideally suited to implementation in a spreadsheet, and which can provide results comparable to more rigorous techniques.

  • INTRODUCTION

  • BOND STRESS DISTRIBUTIONS

  • EFFICIENCY FACTORS

  • SPREADSHEET MODEL

  • CONCLUSIONS

  • ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

  • REFERENCES

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